Cystitis is an inflammatory disease of the bladder lining.The main types of cystitis are bacterial, viral, saline, aseptic cystitis due to venous stagnation in the pelvic organs, interstitial cystitis and radiation cystitis.This disease must be treated without fail in order to prevent the development of a chronic process and secondary pyelonephritis as a complication of cystitis
The clinic's specialists know how to detect cystitis early.Professional urologists prescribe effective and gentle therapy to quickly stop the symptoms of the disease and maintain your health.
Classification of cystitis
In most cases, inflammation of the bladder lining occurs due to an infection in the body.In this case, acute cystitis is diagnosed.If the treatment tactics are incorrect or the symptoms of the disease are ignored, acute cystitis can become chronic.In the chronic course, cystitis manifests itself in the form of relapses: the symptoms appear at the slightest weakening of the body and disappear indefinitely.
Urologists also distinguish between:
- Infectious cystitis.Most commonly, cystitis occurs due to sexually transmitted infections (STIs).But there could also be other infections that got into the bladder due to poor personal hygiene.
- Traumatic cystitis.This type of cystitis is rare.The cause of the development of the inflammatory process can be any injury during medical and surgical interventions.For example, trauma during bladder catheterization.
- Chemical cystitis.Occurs due to excessive use of personal care products and the use of potent medications.In addition, chemical cystitis is often diagnosed in patients undergoing cancer radiation or chemotherapy.
Primary cystitis is a primary lesion of the bladder and the manifestation of symptoms associated with damage to the bladder.Secondary cystitis is associated with secondary damage caused by bacteria from the kidneys or changes in nearby organs and tissues.A clinically hidden kidney infection is often detected in women with symptoms of cystitis.In this case we are talking about a complicated cystitis in women.In addition, cystitis can be the first manifestation of a urological disease or complicate its course.
Symptoms of cystitis
- frequent unproductive urge to urinate;
- Burning and stinging at the end of urination;
- feeling of incomplete bladder emptying;
- cloudy, foamy urine mixed with mucus;
- unpleasant, pungent smell of urine;
- Pain in the urethra and pelvis.
If unpleasant symptoms occur, consult a specialist.Professional urologists carry out a complete diagnosis, make the correct diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment.
Why does bladder infection occur?
Cystitis in women is caused by microorganisms of bacterial, viral and parasitic nature.Very often the causative agent of the disease is opportunistic intestinal flora: Proteus, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Streptococcus.The penetration of intestinal flora into the bladder is facilitated by poor personal hygiene, hypothermia, reduced immunity due to fatigue or illness, as well as pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, which leads to a violation of the ratio of opportunistic flora to lactobacteria and bifidobacteria.
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) often cause inflammation of the bladder lining.Due to some similar symptoms, self-medication may allow you to choose the wrong therapy, which only temporarily eliminates the symptoms, but does not eliminate the root cause.That is why doctors recommend seeking qualified help.
One of the most unpleasant forms of cystitis for a woman is postcoital cystitis, which is associated with the penetration of infectious agents into the urethra during sexual intercourse.An examination of both partners, consultation with a gynecologist and urologist, as well as a decision on the need for surgical treatment or correction of the soft tissues of the perineum with hyaluronic acid preparations are required.
Like many other diseases, cystitis can occur against the background of chronic neuropsychic stress, hormonal disorders and allergic diseases.The aggressive effect of metabolites of certain drugs, which are excreted in the urine and irritate the wall of the bladder mucosa, can also trigger the appearance of symptoms of the disease.
Predisposing factors for the development of cystitis in women:
- congenital anomalies (urethral cysts, narrowing of the urethra);
- hypermobile urethra;
- genetic predisposition;
- incorrectly selected antibiotic therapy and hormonal therapy;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- lack of contraception;
- Failure to comply with personal hygiene rules;
- Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract.
Diagnosis of the disease
If at least one symptom of cystitis is detected, the patient is recommended to consult a urologist.The clinic employs both female and male urologists to ensure maximum patient comfort.At the first appointment, the doctor examines your medical history in detail, listens to complaints and asks questions about previous diseases of the urogenital system.
To confirm the diagnosis of cystitis and exclude serious diseases of the bladder (cancer, tuberculosis), laboratory and instrumental research methods are carried out in clinics in accordance with modern clinical recommendations for urology.Your doctor may suggest the following tests to diagnose a bladder infection:
- bacteriological examination of urine;
- PCR of urine for intracellular and viral infections;
- Ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder;
- CT and MRI with contrast agent;
- cystoscopy;
- Urodynamic study (uroflowmetry).
The medical center is equipped with the most modern diagnostic equipment.A cystoscope is very often used in urology for diagnostic purposes.Urethrocystoscopy is a high-precision endoscopic examination of the urogenital tract that allows the diagnosis of cystitis.Diagnostic procedures, such as ultrasound, also provide detailed information about the condition of the urinary system.
Cystitis in women is often accompanied by gynecological diseases such as colpitis or bacterial vaginosis.In older age, bladder infection in women is associated with menopause.With this in mind, the urologist can refer the woman for a consultation with a gynecologist.
The scope of the diagnosis depends on the patient's symptoms, comorbidities and medical history.Do not refuse the test.In order to make a correct diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment, it is important that a doctor determines the root cause of the disease.
In the medical center, all studies are carried out using modern, high-tech, expert-class equipment.Experienced specialists help diagnose the disease at an early, asymptomatic stage in order to provide timely, high-quality treatment.
Treatment of cystitis
Treatment of cystitis, the symptoms of which can be both minor and serious, is not recommended without consulting an experienced urologist.
In case of cystitis, complex treatment is indicated, which not only eliminates the pathogen and relieves the inflammatory process, but also maintains local immunity.Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs are usually prescribed.It is extremely important to follow all doctor's instructions and complete therapy.After prescribing medication, the symptoms of cystitis disappear within 2-3 days, but this does not mean that the cause of the disease is eliminated.Only complete treatment can guarantee that the disease does not go into a chronic stage.
Control examinations based on the treatment results should be carried out within a week after the end of treatment, the scope of which is determined by the doctor in each individual case.
Self-medication can lead to chronicity of the inflammatory process, exacerbation of the condition and involvement of the kidneys in the inflammatory process.Chronic inflammation increases the risk of cancer.Uncontrolled use of antibiotic therapy and other medications without a doctor's prescription is unacceptable.
Complications of cystitis
If treated incorrectly or in an advanced stage of chronic cystitis, the following complications are possible:
- urinary incontinence;
- vesicoureteral reflux;
- pyelonephritis;
- Cystalgia.
Physiotherapy for cystitis
Physiotherapy has proven particularly useful as a supportive treatment in the treatment of chronic and acute bladder infections in women.Physiotherapy helps to improve blood circulation, stimulate microcirculation and normalize venous outflow.The procedures consolidate the effect of drug treatment and help prevent cystitis.The doctor may recommend the following:
- ozone therapy;
- electrophoresis;
- magnetic field therapy;
- Ultrasound therapy.
All physiotherapy treatments can be carried out in a specialist clinic under the supervision of experienced physiotherapists.
Benefits of treating cystitis in a modern clinic
- Specialists carry out a complete diagnosis, make the correct diagnosis and prescribe comprehensive treatment.
- Tests, treatment, rehabilitation – everything can be done in a clinic.
- The clinic offers effective physiotherapy for quick rehabilitation after treatment.
Prevention of bladder infections
Urologists recommend that women undergo annual preventive examinations at the gynecologist and urologist and undergo tests.This allows you to timely determine the presence of inflammation in the body and prescribe treatment.Very often, diseases of the genitourinary system “do not hurt” and are asymptomatic.
To prevent cystitis in women, it is also advisable to:
- avoid hypothermia;
- use contraceptives;
- observe the rules of personal hygiene;
- Be sure to rinse the external genitals under running water before and after sexual intercourse.
- Avoid traumatic sex positions that can damage the urethra.
- Wear loose underwear that does not restrict blood flow and lymphatic drainage.
- Treat all diseases of the genitourinary system promptly.